Chapter 5: 12V vs. 24V vs. 36V Trolling Motors

Choosing between a 12V, 24V, and 36V trolling motor is one of the most important decisions in the buying process.

Voltage affects far more than the number of batteries installed in your boat. It influences available thrust, runtime, electrical efficiency, wiring requirements, charging equipment, system weight, installation cost, and the motor’s ability to control your boat in demanding conditions.

A 12V trolling motor can be an excellent choice for a kayak, jon boat, or small aluminum fishing boat. A 24V system is often the ideal middle ground for medium-size boats and many bass-fishing applications. A 36V system is typically preferred for heavy tournament boats, bay boats, offshore center consoles, and other demanding applications.

The goal is not to choose the highest voltage available.

The goal is to select the voltage that provides the thrust, runtime, and reserve capacity your boat needs without adding unnecessary weight, expense, or complexity.

In this chapter, you’ll learn how trolling motor voltage works, how 12V, 24V, and 36V systems differ, how batteries are configured, and how to choose the right system for your boat.

What Does Trolling Motor Voltage Mean?

Voltage describes the electrical potential used to power the trolling motor.

Most trolling motors operate on one of three common system voltages:

• 12 volts
• 24 volts
• 36 volts

Some specialized motors use different configurations, but these three systems cover the majority of recreational and sport-fishing applications.

In a traditional battery-bank installation:

• A 12V motor uses one 12V battery.
• A 24V motor uses two 12V batteries connected in series.
• A 36V motor uses three 12V batteries connected in series.

Dedicated 24V and 36V lithium batteries are also available, allowing some anglers to power the motor with a single battery designed to produce the required system voltage.

Regardless of the battery configuration, the trolling motor must receive the voltage for which it was designed.

A 24V motor must be connected to a 24V power source. A 36V motor must be connected to a 36V power source.

Never assume that a motor can safely operate on a different voltage unless the manufacturer specifically identifies it as a dual-voltage model.

Voltage, Thrust, and Power

Higher-voltage trolling motors are generally capable of producing more thrust.

Typical ranges include:

System Voltage	Common Thrust Range	Typical Applications
12V	30–55 lb	Kayaks, jon boats, small aluminum boats
24V	70–90 lb	Bass boats, multi-species boats, medium fishing boats
36V	100–120 lb	Heavy bass boats, bay boats, offshore boats

These ranges are general guidelines. Exact ratings vary by manufacturer, motor design, and product family.

Some modern trolling motors can operate at more than one voltage. For example, a dual-voltage motor may produce one thrust level when connected to 24V and a higher thrust level when connected to 36V.

Always verify the specifications of the exact model being considered.

Higher Voltage Does Not Automatically Mean Higher Speed

A common misconception is that a 36V trolling motor will make a boat dramatically faster than a 12V motor.

That is not necessarily true.

Trolling motors are designed primarily for:

• Slow-speed propulsion
• Boat positioning
• Steering
• GPS anchoring
• Working shorelines
• Holding against current
• Maintaining precise control

Boat speed is limited by factors such as:

• Hull design
• Displacement
• Boat weight
• Propeller design
• Water resistance
• Wind and current

The major benefit of a higher-voltage system is usually increased thrust, improved control, and greater ability to handle a heavier boat—not a dramatic increase in top speed.

Why Higher-Voltage Systems Can Be More Efficient

Electrical power is related to both voltage and current.

In simple terms, a higher-voltage system can deliver a given amount of power while drawing less current than a lower-voltage system delivering the same power.

Lower current can help reduce:

• Voltage drop
• Heat in cables
• Stress on electrical connections
• Power loss over long wire runs

This does not mean every 36V motor automatically uses less total energy than every 12V motor.

Actual efficiency depends on:

• Motor design
• Propeller design
• Boat load
• Speed setting
• Battery condition
• Operating conditions
• Wiring quality

However, higher-voltage systems are generally better suited to producing and sustaining the power needed for larger boats.

Understanding Battery Connections

When multiple 12V batteries are used to create a higher-voltage system, they are normally connected in series.

Series Connection

Connecting batteries in series increases voltage while keeping the amp-hour rating the same.

For example:

• Two 12V, 100Ah batteries in series create a 24V, 100Ah bank.
• Three 12V, 100Ah batteries in series create a 36V, 100Ah bank.

The amp-hour ratings are not added in a series connection.

This is different from a parallel connection, where voltage remains the same and capacity increases.

For trolling motors, follow the exact wiring diagram provided by the motor and battery manufacturers.

Incorrect wiring can damage:

• Batteries
• Chargers
• Trolling motors
• Circuit breakers
• Boat electronics

12V Trolling Motor Systems

A 12V trolling motor is the simplest and most common setup for small boats.

Traditional systems use one 12V deep-cycle battery.

Typical 12V Applications

A 12V trolling motor is often appropriate for:

• Fishing kayaks
• Canoes
• Small jon boats
• Dinghies
• Small skiffs
• Lightweight aluminum boats
• Portable trolling motor installations
• Backup propulsion

Common thrust ratings range from approximately 30 to 55 pounds.

Advantages of a 12V System

A 12V system offers several advantages:

• Requires only one battery
• Lower initial cost
• Lower system weight
• Simpler wiring
• Easier installation
• Smaller charger requirement
• Easier battery replacement
• Greater portability

For anglers with small, lightweight boats, these benefits can outweigh the advantages of a higher-voltage system.

Disadvantages of a 12V System

Potential limitations include:

• Lower maximum thrust
• Reduced control of heavy boats
• Greater current draw at high output
• Less reserve for wind and current
• Shorter runtime in demanding conditions
• Motor may operate near maximum power more frequently

A 12V motor that is properly matched to a small boat can perform extremely well. The problem arises when a buyer attempts to use a small system on a boat that is too heavy or exposed to demanding conditions.

Who Should Choose a 12V Motor?

A 12V motor may be the right choice if:

• Your boat is small and lightweight.
• You primarily fish calm or protected water.
• You have limited battery-storage space.
• Low weight is a priority.
• You want a portable installation.
• You do not need more than approximately 55 pounds of thrust.
• You normally fish short or moderate-length trips.
• You want to keep the system simple and affordable.

A 12V system should still be chosen based on fully loaded boat weight, not dry hull weight.

A small jon boat carrying multiple passengers, heavy gear, a casting deck, and a large outboard may need more power than its length suggests.

Fishing Kayaks and 12V Systems

Fishing kayaks require especially careful power planning.

The trolling motor, battery, mount, electronics, and accessories all add weight.

Too much weight can affect:

• Stability
• Draft
• Handling
• Transport
• Storage
• Safety

A compact 12V lithium battery is often an attractive option because it can reduce weight while providing useful runtime.

However, the battery must be:

• Correctly sized
• Properly secured
• Protected from water
• Compatible with the charger
• Appropriate for the motor’s current draw

Kayak anglers should also maintain a backup method of propulsion, such as a paddle or pedal drive.

24V Trolling Motor Systems

A 24V system is the middle ground between lightweight 12V installations and high-powered 36V systems.

Traditional 24V systems use two matched 12V batteries connected in series.

A dedicated 24V lithium battery may also be used when approved for the motor and application.

Typical 24V Applications

A 24V motor is commonly used on:

• Bass boats
• Aluminum fishing boats
• Multi-species boats
• Smaller deep-V boats
• Flats boats
• Skiffs
• Medium-size freshwater boats
• Light-to-medium bay boats in some applications

Common thrust ratings range from approximately 70 to 90 pounds.

Advantages of a 24V System

Benefits commonly include:

• More thrust than a 12V system
• Better control of medium-size boats
• Improved performance in wind and current
• Greater reserve power
• More efficient power delivery
• Stronger GPS anchoring performance
• Longer useful runtime in many applications

A 24V system is often the best balance of power, weight, cost, and complexity for medium-size fishing boats.

Disadvantages of a 24V System

Potential disadvantages include:

• Requires two 12V batteries or a dedicated 24V battery
• More expensive than a 12V system
• Additional battery weight
• More storage space
• More complex wiring
• Requires a compatible charger
• Higher installation cost

For many anglers, these disadvantages are reasonable considering the increase in control and performance.

Who Should Choose a 24V Motor?

A 24V trolling motor may be the right choice if:

• Your boat needs more than 55 pounds of thrust.
• You own a medium-size fishing boat.
• You regularly fish in moderate wind or current.
• You use GPS anchoring frequently.
• You want more reserve than a 12V system provides.
• You have room for two batteries or one dedicated 24V battery.
• You want strong performance without the weight and cost of a 36V system.

Many 17- to 19-foot bass boats perform extremely well with a 24V, 70- to 80-pound-thrust trolling motor.

The final decision should still account for loaded weight, tournament equipment, wind exposure, and fishing conditions.

24V Systems on Bass Boats

A 24V system has long been a popular choice for bass boats.

It can provide:

• Responsive steering
• Strong shoreline control
• Reliable GPS anchoring
• Adequate thrust for many fiberglass hulls
• Reasonable battery weight
• Lower cost than a 36V system

A lightly equipped 17- or 18-foot bass boat may not need a 36V motor.

However, a heavily rigged tournament boat with multiple anglers, full livewells, large electronics, and long fishing days may benefit from moving up to 36V.

24V Systems on Flats Boats and Skiffs

A 24V saltwater motor can be an excellent match for a flats boat or technical skiff.

These boats often prioritize:

• Low weight
• Shallow draft
• Quiet operation
• Precise control
• Moderate thrust

A 36V system may add more battery weight and capacity than some lightweight skiffs need.

For many flats applications, a 24V setup offers enough power to manage wind and tidal movement without sacrificing shallow-water performance.

36V Trolling Motor Systems

A 36V system is designed for high-thrust and demanding applications.

Traditional setups use three matched 12V batteries connected in series.

Some anglers use one dedicated 36V lithium battery or multiple lithium batteries configured according to manufacturer specifications.

Typical 36V Applications

A 36V motor is commonly used on:

• Large tournament bass boats
• Heavy fiberglass fishing boats
• Deep-V multi-species boats
• Bay boats
• Offshore center consoles
• Large saltwater boats
• Boats used in strong wind and current
• Applications requiring long GPS anchoring sessions

Common thrust ratings range from approximately 100 to 120 pounds.

Advantages of a 36V System

Benefits include:

• Highest common thrust ratings
• Strong control of heavy boats
• Better performance in wind and current
• Greater reserve power
• Strong GPS anchoring performance
• Efficient delivery of high power
• Better suitability for long or demanding fishing days

For large boats, a 36V motor may be the only practical way to achieve the thrust needed for dependable control.

Disadvantages of a 36V System

Potential disadvantages include:

• Higher initial cost
• Three-battery requirement in traditional systems
• More battery weight
• Greater storage needs
• More complex wiring
• Larger charger requirement
• Higher installation cost
• More components to maintain

A 36V system should be chosen because the boat needs it—not simply because it represents the highest available voltage.

Who Should Choose a 36V Motor?

A 36V trolling motor may be the right choice if:

• Your boat requires approximately 100 pounds of thrust or more.
• You own a heavy bass boat, bay boat, or offshore center console.
• You frequently fish in strong wind, tidal current, or rough water.
• You rely heavily on GPS anchoring.
• You regularly fish long days.
• You need strong reserve capacity.
• Your boat has room and carrying capacity for the batteries.
• You are prepared for the additional installation and charging requirements.

For larger saltwater boats, adequate shaft length and battery capacity are just as important as system voltage.

36V Systems on Tournament Bass Boats

Large tournament bass boats commonly carry:

• Multiple large electronics
• Live sonar
• Several batteries
• Full livewells
• Extensive tackle
• Two anglers
• Large outboards
• Shallow-water anchors

The resulting operating weight can be much higher than the published dry hull weight.

A 36V motor can provide:

• Stronger steering response
• Better reserve power
• More consistent control in wind
• Improved performance during long tournament days

Not every bass boat requires 36V, but it is often the preferred configuration for heavily equipped 20- and 21-foot models.

36V Systems on Bay Boats

Bay boats regularly encounter:

• Wind
• Tidal current
• Chop
• High passenger loads
• Elevated bows
• Coastal structure
• Long GPS anchoring sessions

These conditions place substantial demand on the trolling motor.

A 36V saltwater motor in the 100- to 120-pound-thrust range is a common choice for many 20- to 25-foot bay boats.

Battery capacity should be selected based on how long the motor is expected to hold the boat against current—not only how far it will move the boat.

36V Systems on Offshore Center Consoles

Large center consoles present some of the most demanding trolling motor applications.

They may have:

• Heavy displacement
• High freeboard
• Large T-tops
• Significant wind resistance
• Long shafts
• Strong offshore current
• Constant bow movement

A 36V motor provides the highest commonly available power for a single recreational trolling motor system.

However, voltage alone does not guarantee success.

The complete offshore setup must include:

• Appropriate thrust
• Correct shaft length
• Adequate battery capacity
• Heavy-duty mounting
• Correct wiring
• Proper circuit protection
• Professional installation when necessary

Very large boats may exceed the practical limits of some trolling motors even when the highest-voltage model is selected.

Dual-Voltage Trolling Motors

Some modern trolling motors can operate on either 24V or 36V.

A dual-voltage motor may provide:

• Lower thrust when connected to 24V
• Higher thrust when connected to 36V
• Greater installation flexibility
• An upgrade path for future battery expansion

For example, a boat owner may initially install the motor on a 24V system and later move to 36V if additional thrust is needed.

Before choosing this approach, confirm:

• The exact thrust rating at each voltage
• Required wiring
• Breaker requirements
• Battery compatibility
• Charger requirements
• Whether software or setup changes are necessary

Never connect a dual-voltage motor based on assumptions. Follow the manufacturer’s wiring instructions exactly.

One High-Voltage Battery vs. Multiple 12V Batteries

A 24V or 36V system can sometimes be powered by either:

• Multiple 12V batteries connected in series
• One dedicated high-voltage lithium battery

Each approach has advantages.

Multiple 12V Batteries

Advantages may include:

• Wide availability
• Easier replacement in some areas
• Ability to test each battery separately
• Familiar charging systems
• More brand and capacity options

Potential disadvantages include:

• More cables and connections
• More individual batteries to secure
• Greater risk of battery imbalance
• More charging banks
• More installation space

One Dedicated 24V or 36V Battery

Advantages may include:

• Fewer cable connections
• Cleaner installation
• One battery case
• Potential weight savings
• Simplified battery monitoring

Potential disadvantages include:

• Higher replacement cost
• Less availability in some locations
• Specialized charging requirement
• Loss of the entire bank if the battery fails
• Capacity and current limitations depending on the model

The correct choice depends on the boat, available space, service access, and battery manufacturer’s specifications.

Battery Capacity and Voltage Are Different

Voltage and battery capacity are not the same thing.

Voltage determines the electrical system configuration.

Capacity, usually measured in amp-hours, helps describe how much electrical energy the battery can store and deliver over time.

Two batteries can have the same voltage but very different capacities.

For example:

• A 12V 50Ah battery
• A 12V 100Ah battery

Both provide 12 volts, but the 100Ah battery generally stores more energy.

Similarly, two 36V systems may offer very different runtime depending on their battery capacity.

Choosing the correct voltage does not automatically guarantee adequate runtime.

Estimating Runtime

Exact trolling motor runtime is difficult to predict because power consumption changes constantly.

Runtime depends on:

• Motor current draw
• Speed setting
• Battery capacity
• Battery chemistry
• Boat weight
• Wind
• Current
• Propeller condition
• GPS anchoring activity
• Water temperature
• Battery age

A simplified runtime estimate can be useful, but it should never be treated as a guarantee.

If a motor draws 20 amps and the battery provides 100 usable amp-hours, a simple theoretical calculation would suggest approximately five hours.

However, real-world runtime may differ because:

• The motor does not draw a constant amount of current.
• Lead-acid batteries may not provide their full rated capacity at high loads.
• Battery voltage changes during discharge.
• Wind and current continually change demand.
• Battery-management systems may limit discharge.

Plan for reserve capacity rather than designing the system around a best-case estimate.

Speed Setting Has a Major Effect on Runtime

Trolling motors generally consume much more power at high speed than at low speed.

Operating continuously at maximum power can drain the battery bank quickly.

A properly sized motor may be able to control the boat at a moderate setting, while an undersized motor may need to run near full power throughout the day.

This is one reason selecting adequate thrust and voltage can improve the overall fishing experience.

It does not make the motor consume no energy. It allows the system to operate with more reserve and less strain.

GPS Anchoring and Battery Demand

GPS anchoring uses the trolling motor to hold the boat near a selected position.

The motor may repeatedly:

• Steer
• Increase power
• Reduce power
• Reverse direction
• Correct for wind
• Correct for current

In calm conditions, the power demand may be moderate.

In strong wind or current, GPS anchoring can require sustained output.

Anglers who rely heavily on GPS anchoring should prioritize:

• Adequate voltage
• Proper thrust
• High battery capacity
• Correct shaft length
• Healthy electrical connections

A high-voltage motor with undersized batteries may still deliver disappointing runtime.

Battery Weight and Boat Performance

Traditional lead-acid battery systems can add substantial weight.

Approximate battery count for a traditional setup:

• 12V system: one battery
• 24V system: two batteries
• 36V system: three batteries

That weight can affect:

• Draft
• Acceleration
• Fuel economy
• Trailer weight
• Boat balance
• Shallow-water access
• Storage capacity

Battery placement also matters.

Placing several heavy batteries on one side of the boat may create a noticeable list. Placing too much weight in the bow or stern can affect handling.

Lithium batteries may reduce weight, but they still require proper mounting and system planning.

Battery Chemistry Options

Most trolling motor systems use one of three battery types.

Flooded Lead-Acid Batteries

Advantages:

• Lower initial cost
• Wide availability
• Familiar technology

Considerations:

• Heavy
• Require ventilation
• May require water maintenance
• Can release gas while charging
• Lower usable capacity
• Must remain upright

AGM Batteries

Advantages:

• Sealed construction
• Maintenance-free
• Proven reliability
• Broad charger compatibility
• Resistant to vibration

Considerations:

• Heavy
• Lower usable capacity than many lithium batteries
• Slower charging
• Limited cycle life compared with premium lithium batteries

Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries

Advantages:

• Lower weight
• Greater usable capacity
• Stable voltage
• Faster charging
• Longer cycle life
• Built-in battery-management systems

Considerations:

• Higher upfront cost
• Require compatible charging
• Cold-weather charging restrictions may apply
• Quality and battery-management features vary
• Current-output limits must be checked

The battery bank must meet both the voltage and current requirements of the trolling motor.

Use Matched Batteries in Series

When building a 24V or 36V bank from 12V batteries, use batteries that match as closely as possible.

They should generally be:

• The same chemistry
• The same brand
• The same model
• The same capacity
• The same age
• In similar condition

Do not combine:

• Old and new batteries
• Different amp-hour ratings
• AGM and flooded batteries
• Lithium and lead-acid batteries
• Batteries with significantly different health

A series bank is limited by its weakest battery.

One damaged or undercharged battery can reduce the performance of the entire system.

Charging a 12V System

A traditional 12V trolling motor system normally requires a one-bank charger for the trolling battery.

The charger must support:

• Battery chemistry
• Battery capacity
• Manufacturer recommendations
• Desired charging time

If the boat also has a separate starting battery, a two-bank charger may be useful.

One bank can charge the trolling battery while the second bank charges the starting or electronics battery.

Charging a 24V System

A traditional 24V system using two 12V batteries normally requires a two-bank onboard charger.

Each charger bank connects to one battery.

The charger does not simply connect across the complete 24V bank unless it is specifically designed for that arrangement.

When using a dedicated 24V lithium battery, follow the battery manufacturer’s charging instructions. It may require a specialized 24V charger rather than a standard two-bank charger.

Charging a 36V System

A traditional 36V system using three 12V batteries normally requires a three-bank charger.

A four-bank charger may be useful when the boat also has a starting battery.

Each charger bank should:

• Match the battery chemistry
• Provide appropriate charging current
• Be connected correctly
• Receive adequate ventilation
• Be protected from water and heat

A dedicated 36V battery may require a specific 36V charger.

Charger Output and Recovery Time

Charger output affects how quickly the battery bank can recover after use.

A low-output charger may work well for an occasional angler who has several days between trips.

A higher-output charger may be more useful for:

• Tournament anglers
• Fishing guides
• Multi-day trips
• Heavy GPS anchoring
• Large battery banks
• Frequent use

The charger must remain within the battery manufacturer’s recommended charging-current range.

Faster charging is useful only when the battery is designed to accept it.

Wiring Requirements

Correct wire gauge is essential for every trolling motor system.

Wire size depends on:

• Motor current draw
• Cable length
• System voltage
• Breaker rating
• Manufacturer recommendations

Undersized wire can cause:

• Voltage drop
• Weak thrust
• Heat
• Melted insulation
• Damaged connectors
• Breaker trips
• Fire risk

Higher-voltage systems may draw less current for a given power level, but that does not mean small wire can automatically be used.

Follow the wire-sizing chart for the exact trolling motor.

Circuit Protection

Every trolling motor system should include the proper circuit breaker or fuse.

Circuit protection helps guard against:

• Short circuits
• Damaged cables
• Excessive current
• Locked propellers
• Electrical faults

The correct breaker size depends on the motor’s maximum current draw and manufacturer requirements.

Do not install a larger breaker simply because the recommended breaker trips.

Repeated tripping may indicate:

• Propeller obstruction
• Damaged wiring
• Loose connections
• Incorrect breaker type
• Motor problems
• Undersized cables

Find and correct the cause before continuing to operate the system.

Trolling Motor Plugs and Receptacles

The plug and receptacle must support:

• System voltage
• Maximum current
• Wire size
• Marine use

Inspect connections regularly for:

• Corrosion
• Heat
• Loose terminals
• Burn marks
• Melted plastic
• Bent contacts

A connector may be labeled for a certain voltage but still be inadequate for the motor’s current draw or wire size.

Select components according to the complete electrical specification.

12V vs. 24V vs. 36V Cost Comparison

The total cost includes more than the trolling motor.

12V System Costs

Typically include:

• Motor
• One battery
• One-bank charger
• Wiring
• Circuit breaker
• Plug or disconnect

This is usually the least expensive system.

24V System Costs

Typically include:

• Motor
• Two 12V batteries or one 24V battery
• Two-bank charger or dedicated 24V charger
• Larger wiring installation
• Circuit breaker
• Plug or disconnect

This system generally costs more but provides substantially greater capability.

36V System Costs

Typically include:

• Motor
• Three 12V batteries or one 36V battery
• Three-bank charger or dedicated 36V charger
• Wiring
• Circuit breaker
• Heavy-duty mounting equipment
• Additional installation labor

A premium lithium 36V system can represent a significant investment, but it may be justified on boats that require maximum control and long runtime.

Compare the cost of the complete system rather than the trolling motor alone.

12V vs. 24V vs. 36V Weight Comparison

Battery chemistry has a major effect on final system weight.

A traditional lead-acid bank may become very heavy as voltage increases.

General pattern:

System	Traditional Battery Count	Relative Weight
12V	1	Lowest
24V	2	Moderate
36V	3	Highest

Lithium batteries can reduce weight substantially, but exact savings depend on battery capacity and construction.

Do not assume every lithium battery is lightweight or that one high-voltage battery will always weigh less than several smaller batteries.

Compare actual specifications.

12V vs. 24V vs. 36V Runtime

It is tempting to assume that higher voltage always means longer runtime.

The reality is more complicated.

Runtime depends on stored energy and power demand.

A 36V motor controlling a large center console in current may consume more total energy than a 12V motor moving a kayak across a calm lake.

However, when systems are properly matched to their boats, higher-voltage systems often provide greater usable power and reserve for demanding applications.

Compare:

• Total battery energy
• Usable capacity
• Motor efficiency
• Expected current draw
• Boat load
• Operating conditions

Voltage alone cannot predict runtime.

Upgrading From 12V to 24V

Moving from 12V to 24V usually requires more than replacing the trolling motor.

The upgrade may involve:

• Adding a second battery
• Reconfiguring battery wiring
• Replacing the charger
• Inspecting or replacing the power cables
• Replacing the circuit breaker
• Confirming plug compatibility
• Adding battery storage
• Checking boat weight and balance
• Reinforcing the mount

Plan the complete upgrade before purchasing the motor.

Upgrading From 24V to 36V

Moving from 24V to 36V may require:

• A third 12V battery or dedicated 36V battery
• A three-bank or 36V charger
• More battery space
• Additional cable connections
• Revised circuit protection
• New plug or receptacle
• Greater weight capacity
• Mounting reinforcement
• Changes to battery monitoring

Dual-voltage trolling motors can simplify part of the upgrade, but the battery and charging systems must still be modified correctly.

Should You Buy for Your Current Boat or Future Boat?

Some buyers choose a larger system because they expect to upgrade boats.

This can make sense in limited situations, but be careful.

A motor selected for a future boat may be:

• Too heavy for the current boat
• Too large for the current mount
• Equipped with a shaft that is too long
• Difficult to store
• Unnecessarily expensive
• Mismatched to current electronics

Choose a motor that safely and effectively fits the boat you own.

Future flexibility is valuable only when it does not compromise the current installation.

Voltage Recommendations by Boat Type

The following recommendations are general starting points.

Fishing Kayak

Typical recommendation:

• 12V

Why:

• Low weight
• Compact battery
• Limited storage
• Moderate thrust requirements

Canoe or Small Dinghy

Typical recommendation:

• 12V

Why:

• Lightweight hull
• Portable installation
• Basic propulsion needs

Small Jon Boat

Typical recommendation:

• 12V

Consider 24V if:

• The boat is heavily modified.
• It carries several passengers.
• It operates in strong current.
• More than 55 pounds of thrust is needed.

16- to 18-Foot Aluminum Fishing Boat

Typical recommendation:

• 12V or 24V

Choose based on:

• Loaded weight
• Wind exposure
• Passenger load
• Thrust requirement

17- to 19-Foot Bass Boat

Typical recommendation:

• 24V

Consider 36V for:

• Heavy tournament loads
• Long fishing days
• Strong wind
• Maximum GPS anchoring performance

20- to 22-Foot Bass Boat

Typical recommendation:

• 36V

Some lighter configurations may use 24V, but larger tournament boats generally benefit from the additional thrust and reserve of 36V.

Multi-Species Boat

Typical recommendation:

• 24V or 36V

Deep-V hulls, high bows, and rough-water use may justify 36V.

Flats Boat or Skiff

Typical recommendation:

• 12V or 24V

Weight-sensitive technical skiffs may benefit from lithium batteries.

Bay Boat

Typical recommendation:

• 36V

Many bay boats require high thrust for wind, current, and GPS anchoring.

Offshore Center Console

Typical recommendation:

• 36V

Choose the highest appropriate thrust, correct shaft length, and adequate battery capacity.

Example 1: 14-Foot Jon Boat

Assume the boat is used on small lakes and protected rivers.

The complete load includes:

• Two anglers
• Small outboard
• Fishing gear
• One battery
• Basic electronics

A 12V motor producing 40 to 55 pounds of thrust may provide:

• Adequate control
• Simple installation
• Low weight
• Reasonable cost

A 24V system would add another battery, more wiring, and more charger capacity that may not provide enough practical benefit for this application.

Example 2: 18-Foot Bass Boat

Assume the boat is fully rigged with:

• Fiberglass hull
• Large outboard
• Multiple electronics
• Two anglers
• Full tackle load
• Livewell

A 24V motor producing approximately 70 to 80 pounds of thrust may be a strong choice for recreational fishing.

A serious tournament angler may prefer a 36V motor if the boat is heavily equipped or regularly used in strong wind.

The final choice depends on loaded weight, runtime needs, and performance expectations.

Example 3: 21-Foot Tournament Bass Boat

A heavily equipped 21-foot tournament boat may carry:

• Multiple large displays
• Live sonar
• Four or more batteries
• Shallow-water anchors
• Large tackle load
• Two anglers
• Full livewells

A 36V system producing approximately 100 to 115 pounds of thrust is usually the better fit.

It provides stronger steering, greater reserve, and improved control during long tournament days.

Example 4: 23-Foot Bay Boat

A 23-foot bay boat used in coastal waters may face:

• Strong tidal current
• Wind
• Chop
• High passenger load
• Long GPS anchoring sessions

A 36V saltwater trolling motor with approximately 100 to 120 pounds of thrust is generally the appropriate direction.

A 24V system may move the boat in calm conditions but could lack reserve when conditions deteriorate.

Example 5: 28-Foot Center Console

A large center console may require:

• Maximum available thrust
• 36V power
• Extra-long shaft
• High-capacity lithium or AGM bank
• Heavy-duty charger
• Reinforced bow mount

The buyer should work with the motor manufacturer, dealer, or qualified installer to confirm that the motor is appropriate for the hull.

Very large boats should not be sized using voltage alone.

When a 12V System Is Better

Choose 12V when:

• Simplicity is important.
• The boat is lightweight.
• Storage space is limited.
• Portability matters.
• Lower cost is a priority.
• Moderate thrust is sufficient.
• Trips are relatively short.
• Conditions are generally protected.

A properly sized 12V motor is better than an unnecessarily heavy and expensive 24V or 36V system.

When a 24V System Is Better

Choose 24V when:

• A 12V motor does not provide enough thrust.
• The boat is medium-sized.
• You need better control in wind.
• GPS anchoring is used regularly.
• You want a balance of power and weight.
• You have room for a two-battery system.
• You do not need the maximum thrust of 36V.

For many freshwater fishing boats, 24V represents the most practical overall choice.

When a 36V System Is Better

Choose 36V when:

• The boat is large or heavy.
• Maximum thrust is required.
• You fish in strong wind or current.
• You use GPS anchoring for long periods.
• Long runtime and reserve capacity are priorities.
• The boat can carry the battery system safely.
• The additional cost and complexity are justified.

A 36V system should solve a real performance requirement—not simply satisfy the desire to purchase the largest system.

Common Voltage-Selection Mistakes

Avoid these common errors:

• Choosing voltage based only on boat length
• Ignoring fully loaded weight
• Assuming higher voltage means much higher speed
• Underestimating battery weight
• Forgetting the cost of the charger
• Mixing old and new batteries
• Mixing battery capacities or chemistries
• Using an incorrect charging profile
• Installing undersized wiring
• Connecting batteries incorrectly
• Choosing a 12V motor for a heavy boat to save money
• Choosing a 36V system for a small boat without considering balance
• Failing to plan battery storage
• Ignoring future electronics loads
• Confusing voltage with battery capacity

Voltage Selection Checklist

Before choosing a trolling motor voltage, confirm:

✓ Your boat’s fully loaded weight

✓ Required thrust

✓ Boat type and hull design

✓ Freshwater or saltwater use

✓ Typical wind and current

✓ Frequency of GPS anchoring

✓ Expected fishing duration

✓ Available battery space

✓ Battery weight capacity

✓ Battery chemistry

✓ Charger requirements

✓ Wire gauge

✓ Circuit breaker size

✓ Mounting strength

✓ Budget for the complete system

Quick Voltage Decision Process

Use this process to narrow your options.

Step 1: Determine Required Thrust

Estimate the boat’s fully loaded weight and account for wind, current, hull design, and fishing conditions.

Step 2: Identify the Voltage That Provides That Thrust

Typical direction:

• Up to approximately 55 pounds: 12V
• Approximately 70–90 pounds: 24V
• Approximately 100–120 pounds: 36V

Confirm the exact motor specifications.

Step 3: Evaluate Battery Space and Weight

Make sure the boat can safely carry the required batteries.

Step 4: Estimate Runtime Needs

Select enough capacity for the conditions and duration you expect.

Step 5: Choose the Battery Chemistry

Compare AGM, flooded lead-acid, and lithium based on weight, cost, charging, and lifespan.

Step 6: Plan the Charger and Wiring

Include all electrical components in the buying decision.

Step 7: Confirm the Complete Installation

Verify mounting, circuit protection, cables, plugs, storage, and accessibility.

Frequently Asked Questions

What Voltage Trolling Motor Do I Need?

The correct voltage depends primarily on the thrust required to control your fully loaded boat.

Small boats commonly use 12V, medium-size fishing boats often use 24V, and large or heavy boats generally use 36V.

Is a 24V Trolling Motor Better Than a 12V Motor?

A 24V motor is better when the boat requires more thrust and reserve than a 12V system can provide.

For a small boat, the added weight and expense may not be necessary.

Is a 36V Trolling Motor Better Than a 24V Motor?

A 36V motor provides access to higher thrust and is better suited to large, heavy, or demanding boats.

It is not automatically the better choice for every application.

Can I Run a 24V Motor on One 12V Battery?

No.

A standard 24V motor requires a properly configured 24V power source.

Attempting to operate it on the wrong voltage can cause poor performance or equipment problems.

Can I Run a 12V Motor on 24V?

No.

Connecting a 12V motor to 24V can damage the motor and create a safety hazard.

Use only the voltage specified by the manufacturer.

Do Two 12V Batteries Make 24V?

Yes, when they are correctly connected in series.

Two 12V batteries connected in parallel remain a 12V system but provide increased capacity.

Do Three 12V Batteries Make 36V?

Yes, when they are correctly connected in series.

Follow the motor manufacturer’s wiring diagram.

Does a 36V Motor Last Longer Than a 24V Motor?

Not necessarily.

Runtime depends on battery energy, capacity, motor efficiency, speed setting, boat load, wind, and current.

Can I Use Lithium Batteries With Any Trolling Motor?

Many trolling motors can operate with lithium batteries, but compatibility must be confirmed.

Check voltage, current output, battery-management-system limits, charger compatibility, and manufacturer recommendations.

Should I Choose One 36V Battery or Three 12V Batteries?

Either approach may work when properly designed.

Compare weight, available space, charging requirements, replacement options, capacity, current output, and service availability.

12V vs. 24V vs. 36V Comparison

Feature	12V	24V	36V
Traditional battery count	1	2	3
Common thrust range	30–55 lb	70–90 lb	100–120 lb
System weight	Lowest	Moderate	Highest
Installation complexity	Simple	Moderate	Most complex
Initial cost	Lowest	Moderate	Highest
Best for	Small boats	Medium boats	Large, heavy boats
Wind/current performance	Limited to moderate	Strong	Strongest
Typical charger	One bank	Two banks	Three banks
Battery space required	Least	Moderate	Most
GPS anchoring reserve	Limited on heavy boats	Good	Best for demanding boats

Key Takeaways

Choosing between 12V, 24V, and 36V begins with determining how much thrust your fully loaded boat requires.

A 12V trolling motor is usually the best choice for kayaks, jon boats, canoes, dinghies, and other lightweight boats. It offers the lowest weight, simplest installation, and lowest overall system cost.

A 24V trolling motor is a strong fit for medium-size fishing boats, including many bass boats, aluminum boats, flats boats, and multi-species boats. It provides a useful balance of thrust, runtime, efficiency, weight, and cost.

A 36V trolling motor is intended for large or demanding applications such as heavy tournament bass boats, bay boats, offshore center consoles, and boats that must hold position in strong wind or current.

Higher voltage does not automatically create dramatically higher boat speed.

Its primary benefits are greater available thrust, stronger control, improved reserve capacity, and more efficient delivery of high power.

Voltage is only one part of the system. You must also consider:

• Battery capacity
• Battery chemistry
• Charger compatibility
• Wire gauge
• Circuit protection
• Battery weight
• Storage space
• Installation cost
• Expected runtime

The best voltage is not the highest voltage you can afford.

It is the voltage that provides the thrust and runtime your boat needs while maintaining a balanced, safe, and practical installation.

Choose the complete system—not just the trolling motor—and you’ll be far more likely to enjoy reliable performance every time you get on the water.